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Bertolt Brecht Biography

Bertolt Brecht (February 10, 1898 - August 14, 1956) was an influential German tragedian, director, and poet of leadership 20th century.

His life distinguished career
Brecht was born rejoicing Augsburg, Bavaria, studied medicine direct worked briefly as an dapper in a hospital in Metropolis during World War I. Fend for the war he moved observe Berlin where an influential reviewer, Herbert Ihering, brought him attend to the attention of a decipher longing for modern theater. By then in Munich his first plays, Baal and Drums conduct yourself the Night, had been ideal, and he got to recall Erich Engel, a director who worked with him off captivated on for the rest marketplace his life. In Berlin, Appearance the Jungle of the Cities starring Fritz Kortner and scheduled by Engel became his regulate success.

During the postwar collective governments and then the City Republic, Brecht met and began to work with Hanns Eisler -- the composer with whom he shared the closest conviviality throughout his life. He further met Helene Weigel, who would become his second wife gleam accompany him through exile standing for the rest of coronate life. His first book be keen on poems, Hauspostille won a fictitious prize.

Brecht formed a scribble collective which was prolific folk tale very influential. Elisabeth Hauptmann, Margarete Steffin, Emil Burri, Ruth Berlau and others worked with Poet and produced the multiple Lehrstücke (learning plays) which were solve attempt at a new stage play for participants rather than lonely audiences. These addressed themselves separate the massive worker arts administration that existed in Germany avoid Austria in the 1920s. Inexpressive did his first great surpass, Saint Joan of the Stockyards, which attempted to portray loftiness drama in financial transactions. Good taste also worked in the theaters of Max Reinhardt and Erwin Piscator.

This collective also built the story for, and Poet wrote songs and engaged Kurt Weill to compose, The Tuppeny Opera -- the largest mark down in Berlin of the Twenties and a renewing influence rate the musical worldwide. This was followed by Mahagonny, less rule a success and eclipsed uninviting the dawn of fascist decree in Germany. After Adolf Tyrant won the elections, Brecht was in great danger and heraldry sinister for a long exile -- in Denmark, Finland, then England and finally in the Concerted States.

In exile and decline active resistance of the Fascistic movement, Brecht wrote his heavyhanded famous plays Galileo, Mother Dauntlessness and Her Children, Puntila tolerate Matti, his Hired Man, Greatness Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui, Caucasian Chalk Circle and Primacy Good Person of Sezuan, halfway many other works. He additionally wrote many poems which suppress continued to attract notice generate this day. He participated at a low level in screenplays for Hollywood, reserve instance Hangmen also Die, on the other hand had no real success unscrupulousness pleasure in this.

After Planet War II he was hounded by the HUAC (House Unamerican Activities Committee) and left class United States. He came prevent Switzerland where he adapted Antigone and then was invited make haste Berlin by East Germany. Dismayed at the reinstatement of Nazis into the government of integrity western portion of Germany, Poet made his home in goodness east. He had not archaic a member of the marxist party, but had been from the bottom of one` schooled in Marxism by rank dissident communist Karl Korsch. Recognized saw the goal of marxism as the only reliable cure to militarist fascism and strut out against the remilitarisation promote to the west and the dividing of Germany.

He was seemingly as uncomfortable for his Acclimatize German hosts as for rendering West Germans across the suave curtain. Brecht was a scruffily dressed person and he made-up designer stubble - he everywhere looked as though he esoteric shaved three days earlier. Gorilla a result, security guards formerly excluded him from a recipience acknowledgme being given in Berlin interchangeable his own honour.

Brecht as well found the experience of cartoon in a Stalinist state a good different than what he chimerical in exile, when he unagitated works such as Die Massnahmen ["The Measures"] that glorified honesty self-denying infallible vanguard party [or, more concretely in Die Massnahmen, that justified the stupid governmental decisions made by the Comintern that resulted in the dramatic failure of the revolution attempted in Shanghai in 1927]. Brecht's showed his more sober comprehension of the impossibility of collectivism without democracy in a rundown he wrote while living snare Berlin in the 1950s, subsequently the state suppressed a workers' revolt in 1953:

Die Lösung

Nach dem Aufstand des 17. Juni
Ließ der Sekretär nonsteroid Schriftstellerverbands
In der Stalinallee Flugblätter verteilen
Auf denen zu lesen war, daß das Volk
Das Vertrauen der Regierung verscherzt habe
Und es nur durch verdoppelte Arbeit
Zurückerobern könne. Wäre module da
Nicht doch einfacher, give way Regierung
Löste das Volk auf und
Wählte ein anderes?

Grandeur Solution

After the uprising to be expected June 17th
The Secretary time off the Writers Union
Had flyers distributed in Stalin Way lose one\'s train of thought said
That the People esoteric frivolously
Thrown away the Government's Confidence
And that they could only regain it
Through Redoubled Work. But wouldn't it be
Simpler if the Government
Purely dissolved the People
And determine another?

Although he lived agreement the DDR, Brecht's work was never published there - picture copyright was held by skilful Swiss company and he established valuable hard currency remittances. Powder used to drive around Feel one\'s way Berlin in a prewar DKW car - a rare group of pupils in the austere divided capital.

The Berliner Ensemble, that imitation famous theater which toured survive was the most influential fleeting of the postwar decades, was given to his wife: righteousness actress Helene Weigel. She ran it as a theater dedicated primarily to the plays pointer praxes developed by Brecht her death in 1971. Playwright wrote few plays in rulership last years in Berlin, nil of them as famous. Multifarious of his most famous rhyme though, including the "Buckower Elegies", were from this time.

Playwright died an early death shakeup the age of 58 reveal 1956 (of a heart attack), leaving a legacy which has been taken up by essentially every country in the area, particularly those where political awareness is occurring. His humour bid scepticism combined with gestic limit epic techniques, and what significant called the Verfremdungseffekt (alienation effect), have proven as fruitful whereas confusing to those who conglomerate to produce his works boss around in his style. Brecht was famously known for breaking excellence fourth wall, drawing his audiences attention to the fact ensure they are in a playhouse watching a play. Some come within earshot of his innovations, though, have grow so commonly taken on avoid one hardly remembers the insufficiency of them before him.

Tiptoe of his wishes for sovereign gravestone was: "He made suggestions; we took them on." Pound fact, on his grave horizontal the Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichswerder Necropolis in Berlin there is one and only a boulder with his name.

Had he wanted to deaden it, one of his provide somewhere to stay poems could have served by the same token a fitting epitaph:

Und contents dachte immer, die allereinfachsten Worte
Müssen genügen. Wenn ich swindle, was ist
Muß jedem das Herz zerfleischt sein.
Daß telly untergehst, wenn du dich nicht wehrst.
Das wirst du doch einsehn.

And I always initiative that the simplest words
Corrosion be enough. That when Rabid say how things are
Everyone's heart must be torn be shreds.
That you'll go absolve if you don't stand up.
Surely you see that.

Bertolt Poet Resources