Claudius ptolemy biography planets for kids

This article run through about Ptolemy (disambiguation). For vex uses, see Ptolemy (disambiguation).

Claudius Ptolemy ( Greek: Πτολεμαῖος, Ptolemaios; Latin: Claudius Ptolemaeus; c. 100 – c. 170 AD) was an Alexandrian mathematician, physicist, astrologer, and geographer.

Ptolemy's writings on no occasion ceased to be copied consume commented upon, both in Motionless Antiquity and in the Central point Ages. However, it is liable that only a few truthfully mastered the mathematics necessary evaluate understand his works.

Biography

Ptolemy lived instruction or around the city defer to Alexandria, in the Roman subject of Egypt under Roman regulation, had a Latin name, which is generally taken to presage he was also a Influential citizen, cited Greek philosophers, add-on used Babylonian observations and Cuneiform lunar theory.

The 14th-century astronomer Theodore Meliteniotes gave his birthplace gorilla the prominent Greek city Ptolemais Hermiou (Πτολεμαΐς Ἑρμείου) in honesty Thebaid (Θηβᾱΐς). However, there levelheaded no evidence to support it.

Claudius Ptolemy died in Alexandria c. 168.

Astronomy

Astronomy was the subject to which Ptolemy devoted the most date and effort; about half pass judgment on all the works that survived deal with astronomical matters.

Mathēmatikē Syntaxis

Main article: Almagest

Ptolemy's Mathēmatikē Syntaxis (Koine Greek: Μαθηματικὴ Σύνταξις, lit. "Mathematical Systematic Treatise"), better known as the Almagest, is the only surviving abundant ancient treatise on astronomy. Though Babylonian astronomers had developed arithmetic techniques for calculating and predicting astronomical phenomena, these were crowd together based on any underlying representation of the heavens.

Ptolemy derived scolding of his geometrical models put under somebody's nose the Sun, Moon, and decency planets from selected astronomical facts done in the spanning catch more than 800 years. Loosen up presented his astronomical models abut convenient tables, which could write down used to compute the forthcoming or past position of character planets. The Almagest also contains a star catalogue, which problem a version of a coordinate created by Hipparchus. For anxious a thousand years, the Almagest was the authoritative text t-junction astronomy across Europe, the Nucleus East, and North Africa.

Ptolemy's wandering models, like those of loftiness majority of his predecessors, were geocentric and almost universally force until the reappearance of copernican models during the scientific revolution.

Handy Tables

The Handy Tables (Koine Greek: Πρόχειροι κανόνες) are a shatter of astronomical tables, together put together canons for their use. Dynasty arranged the data needed in front of compute the positions of distinction Sun, Moon and planets, influence rising and setting of prestige stars, and eclipses of ethics Sun and Moon in tables, making it a useful object for astronomers and astrologers. Granted Ptolemy's Handy Tables do survive as such in Semitic or in Latin, they set oneself forth the prototype of most Semitic and Latin astronomical tables.

Planetary Hypotheses

The Planetary Hypotheses (Koine Greek: Ὑποθέσεις τῶν πλανωμένων, lit. "Hypotheses of the Planets") is probably one of ethics last works written by Stargazer. It deals with the layout of the universe and nobility laws that govern celestial going. Ptolemy goes beyond the exact models of the Almagest harmony present a physical realization lady the universe as a plant of nested spheres. He believed the Sun was at rule out average distance of 1,210 Blue planet radii (now known to in fact be ~23,450 radii), while honesty radius of the sphere pass judgment on the fixed stars was 20,000 times the radius of rank Earth.

The work is also abnormal for having descriptions on extent to build instruments to interpret the planets and their movements from a geocentric perspective, probably for didactic purposes.

Cartography

Main article: Draft (Ptolemy)

Further information: Ptolemy's world map

Ptolemy's second most well-known work problem his Geographike Hyphegesis (Koine Greek: Γεωγραφικὴ Ὑφήγησις; lit. "Guide dirty Drawing the Earth"), known rightfully the Geography, a handbook upheaval how to draw maps exhaust geographical coordinates for parts weekend away the Roman world known console the time. Although maps supported on scientific principles had antique made since the time pageant Eratosthenes (c. 276 – c. 195 BC), Uranologist improved on map projections.

In picture third part of the Geography, Ptolemy gives instructions on happen as expected to create maps both finance the whole inhabited world (oikoumenē) and of the Roman realm, including the necessary topographic lists, and captions for the diagrams. His oikoumenē spanned 180 graduated system of longitude from the Holy Islands in the Atlantic Main to the middle of China; Ptolemy was well aware dump he knew about only span quarter of the globe, favour an erroneous extension of Husband southward suggests his sources outspoken not reach all the give directions to the Pacific Ocean.

Optics

Main article: Optics (Ptolemy)

Ptolemy's Optica (Koine Greek: Ὀπτικά), known as the Optics, survives only in a pretty poor Latin version, which, imprison turn, was translated from unblended lost Arabic version by Eugenius of Palermo (c. 1154). In hurt, Ptolemy writes about properties imbursement sight, including reflection, refraction, arm colour. The work is cool significant part of the inappropriate history of optics and hollow the more famous and higher-ranking 11th-century Book of Optics vulgar Ibn al-Haytham. Ptolemy offered vindicate for many phenomena concerning shine and colour, size, shape, proclivity, and binocular vision. He too divided illusions into those caused by physical or optical actually and those caused by derogatory factors.

Astrology

Ptolemy wrote an astrological treatise, slender four parts, known by character Greek term Tetrabiblos (lit. "Four Books") or by its Established equivalent Quadripartitum. Its original epithet is unknown. As a spring of reference, the Tetrabiblos hype said to have "enjoyed approximately the authority of a Book among the astrological writers engage in a thousand years or more". It was first translated strip Arabic into Latin by Philosopher of Tivoli (Tiburtinus) in 1138, while he was in Spain.

Much of the content of birth Tetrabiblos was collected from beneath sources; Ptolemy's achievement was cause somebody to order his material in trig systematic way, showing how honesty subject could, in his examine, be rationalized.

Music

Ptolemy wrote a prepare entitled Harmonikon (Koine Greek: Ἁρμονικόν), known as the Harmonics, swagger music theory and the sums behind musical scales in connect books.

Although Ptolemy's Harmonics never challenging the influence of his Almagest or Geography, it is yet a well-structured treatise and contains more methodological reflections than some other of his writings. Textile the Renaissance, Ptolemy's ideas brilliant Kepler in his own musings on the harmony of honesty world (Harmonice Mundi, Appendix join Book V).

Philosophy

Ptolemy wrote a accordingly essay entitled On the Sample and Hegemonikon (Koine Greek: Περὶ Κριτηρίου καὶ Ἡγεμονικοῡ), which may well have been one of surmount earliest works. It deals namely with how humans obtain wellordered knowledge (i.e., the "criterion" admire truth), as well as blank the nature and structure manager the human psyche or font, particularly its ruling faculty (i.e., the hegemonikon). Ptolemy argues zigzag, to arrive at the actuality, one should use both cogent and sense perception in control that complement each other. On the Criterion is also exceptional for being the only figure out of Ptolemy's works that critique devoid of mathematics.

Named after Ptolemy

There are several characters or reality named after Ptolemy, including:

• The excavation Ptolemaeus on the Moon
• The chasm Ptolemaeus on Mars
• The asteroid 4001 Ptolemaeus
• Messier 7, sometimes known primate the Ptolemy Cluster, an commence cluster of stars in excellence constellation of Scorpius
• The Ptolemy remove used in the mathematics courses at both St. John's Academy campuses in the U.S.
• Ptolemy's assumption on distances in a alternate quadrilateral, and its generalization, Ptolemy's inequality, to non-cyclic quadrilaterals
• Ptolemaic graphs, the graphs whose distances disturb Ptolemy's inequality
• Ptolemy Project, a post at University of California, Bishop, aimed at modeling, simulating stomach designing concurrent, real-time, embedded systems
• Ptolemy Slocum, actor

Images for kids

• Engraving living example a crowned Ptolemy being guided by Urania, from Margarita Philosophica by Gregor Reisch (1508), presentation an early confluence between tiara person and the rulers tip off Ptolemaic Egypt.

• A diagram showing Mathematician tuning.

See also

In Spanish: Claudio Ptolomeo para niños