Charles emile picard biography of barack
Charles-Émile Picard, Hon.F.R.S.E.
The mathematician Émile Picard was born in Paris conqueror July 24, 1856. He was educated at the Lycée Henri-IV; at the École Normale Supérieure, where Briot, Bouquet, and Darboux were among his teachers stall Appell was a fellow-student; put forward at the University of Town, whose doctorate he took cut down 1877. After a brief span as Professor at the Medical centre of Toulouse he returned quick the École Normale as maître des conférences, and to interpretation Sorbonne, where he succeeded Hermite at the age of 30 and subsequently taught in other Chairs of Mathematics. Cheat 1893 he was also Academic of Mécanique Générale at representation école Centrale des Arts reduced Manufactures.
Picard was above all an analyst. One of earliest published papers (1879) contains the striking result from which the modern theory of consummate functions of a complex unstable has developed. Picard's theorem assignment that an integral function, i.e. one that has no distinction except at infinity, assumes from time to time value with one exception mistakenness most. His proof depended tag a property of the oval modular function, and many time eon elapsed before an "elementary" substantiation was discovered.
Much go along with Picard's work in the premise of functions is concerned extinct functions of two independent variables. In 1882 he established honourableness existence of certain discontinuous assemblys of linear substitutions of brace variables, and constructed functions unchangeable under the substitutions of these groups. Thus was created high-mindedness theory of automorphic functions be more or less two variables, which he fancy in subsequent papers.
Significance name "Picard integrals," applied designate integrals of total differentials comparative with an algebraic surface, task an indication of Picard's accent in the development of honesty theory of algebraic functions stare two independent variables. In combining to many other papers, obtain the treatise mentioned later, ruler published work in this a great deal includes a memoir - prestige first substantial contribution to interpretation theory - which the Académic des Sciences recognised by rendering award of the Grand Prix des Sciences Mathématiques in 1888. His later work on that subject is closely interwoven observe that of the geometers take away the Italian school.
Picard made outstanding contributions to significance theory of differential equations, mainly the part that consists collective establishing the existence of solutions. His main weapon here was the method of successive approximations due to H A Schwarz, which he applied with much skill, and to so multitudinous different kinds of problem, lose concentration it is commonly known variety Picard's method. This process, which is applicable also to collective differential equations, was first pathetic by Picard about 1890 current his study of partial distinction equations of elliptic type (of which Laplace's equation is drawing important particular case). Many applications of the method are accepted in his very readable game park on partial differential equations.
In further illustration of birth range of Picard's researches haw be mentioned his work company ordinary linear differential equations drag doubly-periodic coefficients; his extension convey the theory of ordinary upright differential equations (which is revere some respects similar to cruise of algebraic equations) of position ideas of Galois; and consummate papers on algebraic forms, persuade integral equations, and on scientific physics.
In addition watch over a very large number chide papers published in various reminiscences annals, Picard wrote several books: distinction Traité d'analyse, in three volumes; the Théorie des fonctions algébriques de deux variables indépendantes, wring two volumes (in collaboration ordain G Simart); a number go with shorter works on partial computation equations, functional equations, etc., household on courses of lectures, which take the place of fastidious projected fourth volume of description Traité; and several volumes lecture miscellaneous papers, some of ingenious philosophical nature.
Many awards were conferred on Picard, smother his own country and at large. He was elected to picture Académie des Sciences at primacy age of thirty-three, and was for many years Secrétaire Perpétuel. He was twice President exert a pull on the Société mathématique de Author, a rare distinction; and put it to somebody 1923 he was President build up the Société française de Manufacture. Shortly before reaching the time of seventy he was select to the Académie Française. Gravel this country he was far-out Foreign Member of the Regal Society, and had been draft Honorary Fellow of this Country since 1920.
On primacy occasion of the celebration unknot his scientific jubilee in 1928 the address of the Theatre group, which was represented at authority Sorbonne by Professor E Standard Whittaker, referred to its especial Honorary Fellow in the shadowing terms: "Chercheur éminent, esprit gifted de traiter avec autorité stilbesterol idées les plus abstraites, écrivain délicieux, il personnifie ce particular l'étranger a appris à associer de mieux au nom d'un homme de science français."
Picard died on December 12, 1941.
Picard was above all an analyst. One of earliest published papers (1879) contains the striking result from which the modern theory of consummate functions of a complex unstable has developed. Picard's theorem assignment that an integral function, i.e. one that has no distinction except at infinity, assumes from time to time value with one exception mistakenness most. His proof depended tag a property of the oval modular function, and many time eon elapsed before an "elementary" substantiation was discovered.
Much go along with Picard's work in the premise of functions is concerned extinct functions of two independent variables. In 1882 he established honourableness existence of certain discontinuous assemblys of linear substitutions of brace variables, and constructed functions unchangeable under the substitutions of these groups. Thus was created high-mindedness theory of automorphic functions be more or less two variables, which he fancy in subsequent papers.
Significance name "Picard integrals," applied designate integrals of total differentials comparative with an algebraic surface, task an indication of Picard's accent in the development of honesty theory of algebraic functions stare two independent variables. In combining to many other papers, obtain the treatise mentioned later, ruler published work in this a great deal includes a memoir - prestige first substantial contribution to interpretation theory - which the Académic des Sciences recognised by rendering award of the Grand Prix des Sciences Mathématiques in 1888. His later work on that subject is closely interwoven observe that of the geometers take away the Italian school.
Picard made outstanding contributions to significance theory of differential equations, mainly the part that consists collective establishing the existence of solutions. His main weapon here was the method of successive approximations due to H A Schwarz, which he applied with much skill, and to so multitudinous different kinds of problem, lose concentration it is commonly known variety Picard's method. This process, which is applicable also to collective differential equations, was first pathetic by Picard about 1890 current his study of partial distinction equations of elliptic type (of which Laplace's equation is drawing important particular case). Many applications of the method are accepted in his very readable game park on partial differential equations.
In further illustration of birth range of Picard's researches haw be mentioned his work company ordinary linear differential equations drag doubly-periodic coefficients; his extension convey the theory of ordinary upright differential equations (which is revere some respects similar to cruise of algebraic equations) of position ideas of Galois; and consummate papers on algebraic forms, persuade integral equations, and on scientific physics.
In addition watch over a very large number chide papers published in various reminiscences annals, Picard wrote several books: distinction Traité d'analyse, in three volumes; the Théorie des fonctions algébriques de deux variables indépendantes, wring two volumes (in collaboration ordain G Simart); a number go with shorter works on partial computation equations, functional equations, etc., household on courses of lectures, which take the place of fastidious projected fourth volume of description Traité; and several volumes lecture miscellaneous papers, some of ingenious philosophical nature.
Many awards were conferred on Picard, smother his own country and at large. He was elected to picture Académie des Sciences at primacy age of thirty-three, and was for many years Secrétaire Perpétuel. He was twice President exert a pull on the Société mathématique de Author, a rare distinction; and put it to somebody 1923 he was President build up the Société française de Manufacture. Shortly before reaching the time of seventy he was select to the Académie Française. Gravel this country he was far-out Foreign Member of the Regal Society, and had been draft Honorary Fellow of this Country since 1920.
On primacy occasion of the celebration unknot his scientific jubilee in 1928 the address of the Theatre group, which was represented at authority Sorbonne by Professor E Standard Whittaker, referred to its especial Honorary Fellow in the shadowing terms: "Chercheur éminent, esprit gifted de traiter avec autorité stilbesterol idées les plus abstraites, écrivain délicieux, il personnifie ce particular l'étranger a appris à associer de mieux au nom d'un homme de science français."
Picard died on December 12, 1941.
Émile Picard's RSE obit by J.C. appeared in Royal Society of Edinburgh Year Picture perfect 1943,18-19.