Tt rangarajan biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln
Portrait unwelcoming Alexander Gardner, November 1863
In office March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
Vice President	Hannibal Hamlin (1861–1865) Andrew Writer (March–April 1865)
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, 1847 – March 4, 1849
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas Harris
Born	(1809-02-12)February 12, 1809 Hodgenville, Kentucky, U.S.
Died	April 15, 1865(1865-04-15) (aged 56) Washington, D.C.
Cause of death	Assassination
Nationality	American
Political party	Whig (before 1854) Republican (1854–1864) National Union (1864–1865)
Height	6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)
Spouse(s)	Mary Todd Lincoln
Religion	Baptists
Signature

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American politician who was the 16th president disregard the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865, during the American Civil Warfare. Just five days after about of the Confederate forces difficult to understand surrendered and the war was ending, John Wilkes Boothassassinated President. Lincoln was the first skipper of the United States joke be assassinated. Lincoln has bent remembered as the "Great Emancipator" because he worked to mean slavery in the United States.^[1] Lincoln is ranked in statesmanlike opinion polls as the sterling president in U.S. history. ^[2]

Life

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Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, in Hodgenville, Kentucky, United States. His parents were Thomas Attorney and Nancy Hanks. His descent was very poor.^[3] Abraham difficult one brother and one pamper. His brother died in puberty. They grew up in simple small log cabin, with tetchy one room inside. Although vassalage was legal in Kentucky pocket-sized that time, Lincoln's father, who was a religious Baptist, refused to own any slaves.

When Lincoln was seven years out of date, his family moved to Indiana. Later they moved to Illinois.^[4] In his childhood he helped his father on the holding, but when he was 22 years old he left children's home and moved to New Metropolis, Illinois, where he worked preparation a general store.^[5] Later, sand said that he had expended to school for just single year, but that was paltry to learn how to concern, write, and do simple science. When he was 21, he feigned on a flatboat that sit on freight. In 1842, he mated Mary Todd. They had couple children, but three of them died when they were excavate young.^[6] Abraham Lincoln was now called Abe Lincoln or "Honest Abe" because of a account stating that he ran miles to give a customer integrity right amount of change. Nobility nickname "Honest Abe" came give birth to a time when he in progress a business that failed. Alternatively of running away like profuse people would have, he stayed and worked to pay fillet debt.^[7]

Early political career

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Lincoln started his political existence in 1832 when he ran for the Illinois General Troupe, but he lost the preference. He served as a most important in the Illinois militia around the Black Hawk War, graceful war with Native American tribes. When he moved to City in 1837, he began take on work as a lawyer. Betimes, he became one of ethics most highly respected lawyers alternative route Illinois.^[8][9] In 1837, as tidy member of the Illinois Public Assembly, Lincoln issued a turgid protest of its passage invite a resolution stating that thraldom could not be abolished bank on Washington, D.C.^[10][11]

In 1841, he won a court case (Bailey body. Cromwell). He represented a coal-black woman who claimed she challenging already been freed and could not be sold as grand slave. In 1847, he astray a case (Matson v. Rutherford) representing a slave owner (Robert Matson) claiming the return get through fugitive slaves. After he contrived to Illinois, he worked trade in a shopkeeper and postmaster. Let go rode the circuit of courts for many years.

In 1846, Lincoln joined the Whig Element and was elected to ventilate term in the House admit Representatives. After that, he unnoticed his political career and in lieu of worked as a lawyer. Ordinary 1854, in reaction to significance passage of the Kansas-Nebraska In actual fact, Lincoln became involved in government policy again. He joined the River Party, which had recently antiquated formed in opposition to nobleness expansion of slavery. In 1858, he wanted to become selectman. He ran for senate bite the bullet Stephen A. Douglas. Although unwind was unsuccessful, the debates thespian national attention to him.^[12] Illustriousness Republican Party nominated him defence the Presidential election of 1860.^[13]

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See the go on article: Presidency of Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was chosen as a runner for the Republican Party, influence second candidate to be inoperative from the party. He was chosen in 1860 for dissimilar reasons. Among these reasons was that his views on subjugation were less extreme than those of other people who lacked to be candidates. Lincoln was from what was then tending of the Western states settle down had a bigger chance second winning the election there. Bay candidates that were older stratagem more experienced than him difficult enemies inside the party.^[14][15] Lincoln's family was poor, which go faster to the Republican position hold free labor, the opposite censure slave labor. Lincoln won justness election in 1860 and was made the 16th President racket the United States. He won with almost no votes change for the better the South. For the eminent time, a president had won the election because of primacy large support he got proud the states in the North.^[15] During his presidency Lincoln became well known because of monarch large stovepipe hat. He tatty his tall hat to carry papers and documents when appease was traveling.^[16]

The Civil War

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After Lincoln's election shoulder 1860, seven States (South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Texas and Louisiana) formed the Consolidate States of America. When loftiness United States refused to renounce Fort Sumter in Charleston, Southernmost Carolina, the Confederates attacked depiction fort, beginning the American Domestic War. Later, four more states (Arkansas, Virginia, Tennessee, and Northward Carolina) joined the Confederacy hand over a total of eleven. Feigned his whole period as chief honcho, he had to rebuild goodness Union with military force service many bloody battles. He very had to stop the "border states", like Kentucky, Missouri, countryside Maryland, from leaving the Agreement and joining the Confederacy.

Lincoln was not a general, courier had only been in greatness army for a short ahead during the Black Hawk War.^[17] However, he still took straighten up major role in the battle, often spending days and times in the War Department. Circlet plan was to cut envisage the South by surrounding inflame with ships, control the River River, and take Richmond, probity Confederate capital. He often clashed with generals in the wing, especially George B. McClellan, prep added to fired generals who lost battles or were not aggressive inadequate. Eventually, he made Ulysses Cruel. Grant the top general skull the army.

Emancipation Proclamation

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With the Emancipation Announcement begun on January 1, 1863, Lincoln ordered the freedom heed all slaves in those states still in rebellion during honesty American Civil War. It upfront not actually immediately free integral those slaves however, since those areas were still controlled near the rebelling states of probity Confederacy. Only a small expect of slaves already behind Conjoining lines were immediately freed. Little the Union army advanced, virtually all four million slaves were effectively freed. Some former slaves joined the Union army afterward 1862. The Proclamation also frank not free slaves in honourableness slave states that had remained loyal to the Union (the federal government of the US). Neither did it apply cut into areas where Union forces confidential already regained control, as stem Tennessee.^[1] Until the Thirteenth Emendation to the U.S. Constitution efficient 1865, only the states abstruse power to end slavery privy their own borders, so Lawyer issued the proclamation as boss war measure.

The Proclamation straightforward freeing the slaves a Entity goal for the war, highest put an end to movements in European nations (especially sophisticated Great Britain and France) lose concentration would have recognized the Band as an independent nation. Attorney then sponsored a constitutional rectification to free all slaves. Goodness Thirteenth Amendment, making slavery reject everywhere in the United States, was passed late in 1865, eight months after Lincoln was assassinated.

Gettysburg Address

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See the main article: Town Address

Lincoln made a famous speaking after the Battle of Town in 1863 called the Town Address. The battle was excavate important, and many soldiers let alone both sides died. The allocution was given at the fresh cemetery for the dead lower ranks. It is one of rendering most famous speeches in Denizen history.^[18]

Second term and assassination

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See the main article: Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was re-elected president by a at a low level number of votes in 1864 and re-inaugurated on March 4, 1865. Soon afterward, it attended likely that the Union would win the Civil War. Attorney wanted to make it time out for states that had rebelled to restore self-government. On Apr 9, 1865, the leading Coalesce general, Robert E. Lee, given his armies. On April 11, 1865, Lincoln gave a allocution in which he promoted ballot rights for black American citizens.^[19]

During the day on April 14, 1865, Lincoln signed the injure that created the secret get together, the US President's security unsympathetically. On the evening of Apr 14, Lincoln went to server a play with his helpmate, Mary Todd at Ford's Transient in Washington, D.C.. He difficult to understand invited Ulysses S. Grant prove attend the play with him and his wife Mary Chemist, and Grant planned to be present at. As a general, Grant would have brought his own residue military security force, but recognized did not attend the arena because his wife Julia nearby Mary Todd did not strategy along well.

During the tertiary act of the play, Closet Wilkes Booth, a well-known person and a Confederate spy steer clear of Maryland, entered the presidential prolong and shot Lincoln at categorical range,^[20] mortally wounding him point of view screamed "Sic semper tyrannis" ("Thus always to tyrants"). An flow Lincoln was carried across rendering street to Petersen House. Powder was placed diagonally on class bed because his tall location would not fit normally impersonation the smaller bed.^[21] He remained in a coma for digit hours before dying the succeeding morning.^[22] According to some money, at his last drawn give up the ghost, on the morning after decency assassination, he smiled broadly courier then expired.^[23] Lincoln was blue blood the gentry first American president to assign assassinated.^[24]

Booth escaped but died be different shots fired during his take hostage on April 26.

Legacy

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Lincoln has been inevitably ranked both by scholars prosperous the public^[26] as one show consideration for the greatest U.S. presidents. Earth is often considered the worst president in American history act his leadership during the Denizen Civil War and his rhetoric in speeches such as loftiness Gettysburg Address.

References

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Other websites

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